← All 18 theoriesAnthony Roberts, Jr.
No. 10Within 5 yearsEvidence ●●○ Mixed

Every instant answer drains the grid.

Every instant answer runs through a data center, and our nonstop demand is draining electricity and water. Everyone else helps pay the bill.

U.S. data centers used 4.4% of the country’s electricity in 2023 and could use as much as 12% by 2028.1 They consumed about 17 billion gallons of water in 2023, and the largest facilities alone could use up to 33 billion gallons a year by 2028.2 On PJM, the power grid that serves 13 states from New Jersey to Illinois, data center demand added $9.3 billion to a single year’s power costs, added to customers’ bills.3 Some analysts argue that part of that spike comes from how PJM’s power-supply auction is designed and from predictions of demand that may not come true, not from data centers alone.6

12%
of all U.S. electricity could go to data centers by 2028, up from 1.9% in 2018.
Data: 2028 projection · LBNL

U.S. data centers could use up to 12% of the country’s electricity by 2028, up from 4.4% in 2023 (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory).

The trend

More numbers

$70/mo

estimated increase for the average household on the PJM grid by 2028, driven by data center demand.4

~50%

of all U.S. electricity demand growth through 2030 is expected to come from data centers.5

190,000

gallons of water a day consumed on site by a typical 100-megawatt U.S. data center.5

Data centers’ demand for electricity “continues to far outstrip new supply.”

PJM Interconnection, December 2025

The other side

Chips and cooling keep getting more efficient, forecasts may overshoot, and one study found data centers can lower average rates by spreading the grid’s fixed costs over more customers.

−3.5%

change in average U.S. retail electricity prices for each doubling of data center capacity, 2015–2024, as fixed grid costs spread over more use. EPRI study via Fortune ↗

Why Anthony still holds this view

National averages hide local spikes. Households near new data centers are the ones seeing bills rise.

For marketers

Customers are starting to connect AI with their power bills and local water. Be ready to explain how much energy and water your AI features use, and skip AI where it adds nothing.

For you

Ask whether a task really needs AI before you reach for it.

Related theories

Sources

  1. U.S. Department of Energy / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2024 Data Center Energy Report; 2024 figure from the 2025 update
  2. Brookings, citing LBNL water estimates
  3. IEEFA, citing PJM’s independent market monitor
  4. NRDC, October 2025
  5. International Energy Agency, 2026, via TMCnet
  6. SemiAnalysis, “Are AI Datacenters Increasing Electric Bills for American Households?”, 2026; see also IEEFA on forecast risk

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